Table of Contents

    • 1    The biblical views of human nature : Judaism and Christianity    5
    • 2    The Greek tradition on human nature : the Sophists and Socrates    27
    • 3    Plato's theory of human nature    40
    • 4    Aristotle's theory of human nature    56
    • 5    St. Augustine's theory of human nature    72
    • 6    The Hindu and Buddhist theories of human nature    84
    • 7    Classical conservative and liberal theories of human nature : Hobbes and Rousseau    104
    • 8    Immanuel Kant's Copernican revolution    124
    • 9    Arthur Schopenhauer's pessimistic idealism    138
    • 10    Karl Marx's theory of human nature    153
    • 11    Sigmund Freud's theory of human nature : pansexuality and psychoanalysis    168
    • 12    The existentialist theory of human nature : Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and Sartre    183
    • 13    The Darwinian theory of human nature    204
    • 14    Human nature in contemporary theories of the mind    225
    • 15    The paradox of human nature : are we free?    250