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Religion Under the Lens
- Philosophy of Religion (1)
- Afterlife (2) : Heaven, Hell, Immortality
John Milton, from the "Areopagitica", in The Best of the World's Classics (Funk and Wagnalls Co.: 1909), pp. 135-41.
Lords and Commons of England, consider what nation it is whereof ye
are, and whereof ye are the governors: a nation not slow and dull, but
of a quick, ingenious and piercing spirit, acute to invent, subtle and
sinewy to discourse, not beneath the reach of any point, the highest
that human capacity can soar to. Therefore the studies of Learning in
her deepest sciences have been so ancient and so eminent among us, that
writers of good antiquity and ablest judgment have been persuaded that
even the school of Pythagoras and the Persian wisdom took beginning
from the old philosophy of this island. And that wise and civil Roman,
Julius Agricola, who governed once here for Csesar, preferred the
natural wits of Britain before the labored studies of the French. Nor
is it for nothing that the grave and frugal Transylvanian sends out
yearly from as far as the mountainous borders of Russia, and beyond the
Hercynian wilderness, not their youth, but their staid men, to learn
our language and our theologic arts.
Henry Drummond (1851-1897)
By far the most original thing here is the simple conception of Heaven
as a City. The idea of religion without a Church — "I saw no Temple
therein" — is anomalous enough; but the association of the blessed life
with a City — the one place in the world from which Heaven seems most
far away — is something wholly new in religious thought. No other
religion which has a Heaven ever had a Heaven like this. The Greek, if
he looked forward at all, awaited the Elysian Fields; the Eastern
sought Nirvana. All other Heavens have been Gardens, Dreamlands —
passivities more or less aimless. Even to the majority among ourselves
Heaven is a siesta and not a City. It remained for John to go straight
to the other extreme and select the citadel of the world's fever, the
ganglion of its unrest, the heart and focus of its most strenuous toil,
as the framework for his ideal of the blessed life. ~ Excerpt
J.P. Moreland, Review: Self, God, and Immortality: A Jamesian Investigation by Eugene Fontinell, in Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 32 (June 1989), pp. 244-5.
This work is a technical monograph in pragmatist, process metaphysics. It seeks to answer this question: Given the inadequacies of materialism and classical dualism, can we still believe in personal immortality today? Fontinell answers with a tentative "yes" (in keeping with his pragmatism) by developing a doctrine of the self along Jamesian lines in two steps. Chapters 1-6 focus on the possibility of life after death, and chaps. 7-8 discuss the desirability of an afterlife.
Alvin Plantinga, Truth Journal, reprinted from Faith and Philosophy: Journal of the Society of Christian
Philosophers vol. 1 (October 1984).
In the paper that follows I write from the perspective of a philosopher,
and of course I have detailed knowledge of (at best) only my own field.
I am convinced, however, that many other disciplines resemble philosophy
with respect to things I say below. (It will be up to the practitioners
of those other disciplines to see whether or not I am right.)
